United States Fight for Freedom - 703 Words

The right of American freedom is most treasured because of past historical events which were highly significant leading up to America’s independence. The Boston Tea Party is considered to be one of the most significant events which led to the Revolutionary War. Some say if the Boston Tea Party had not happened, the Americans may not have made noteworthy historical data. Initially, the event of the Boston Tea Party only seemed inconsequential and rather rebellious, but it was actually the Americans first step towards having their own freedom. It all started with a group of determined colonist not wanting to pay taxes on goods and took action on three British tea ships. This act of defiance, and several key players, inadvertently lead to arguably the most significant act of America’s fight for freedom. During the 1760’s the British Parliament passed a series of acts designed to reduce the British national debt and to finance the costs of keeping regular soldiers o n the American frontier. The most notorious of these was the Stamp Act of 1765, which placed a tax on almost every public piece of paper in the colonies, including: newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas, licenses, packs of cards, almanacs, and dice.1 Initially, because the French and Indian War had lasted so long and was the most costly, the Parliament figured taxing the Americans would help decrease their debt. Little did they know that this would only anger the Americans, and ultimately lead to the revolution. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement and World War II1075 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to president Franklin D. Roosevelt the future world shout be a world that people have essential human freedoms also known as the four freedoms; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. 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Tobacco took a great amount of work to harvest, but with the slaves help it all got completed. Slaves cost at least three more times than a regular servant for the reason that slavery was their life, it was their job. Regular servants finished their ‘slavery’ time in about 4 years. Slavery really got across the whole country as time passed, and in 1670 the crop, tobacco, tookRead MoreAmerica s Essential Documents Of America1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent depending on its history. The Un ited states of America has grown incredibly from its humble beginnings. We’re now one of the greatest superpowers in the world! But our society wasn’t just developed over night; when you look back in history you can find many points in time when someone or something impacted the growth of America. The growth of America has mainly been influenced by the knowledge of our rights, the fight for those rights and freedoms, and the desire to try and extend thoseRead MoreEssay on Fighting for Equality and Freedom1229 Words   |  5 Pagesarose in America’s freedom. The Declaration of Independence stated that â€Å"†¦all men are created equal.† However, the rights for the ‘White Man’ were significantly above all others, and because of this, women and black men lacked the same equality as the ‘White Man’. In WWII, women took up jobs previously held by men, while the African Americans attempted to join the military. They wanted t o assist in the war effort and help defend America to gain their freedom. This freedom for America meant toRead MoreAbolition Slavery And The United State Of America859 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1840s slavery become a big issue in the United State of America. Since passing the Louisiana Purchase, the United State start expanding their land. They took over the Indian Territory by forcing them to leave the country or to relocate in the different city. The expansion of the United State leads to decide some state should be a free slave. In the 1820s, they passed a low that request 36’30 parallel are decided to be a free state. Abolition slavery becomes a question In the American societyRead MoreAmerican606 Words   |  3 Pageshundreds of years the United States has been attracting immigrants from a variety of different countries, races, and religions to come live in a land full of freedom and opportunity. These people were looking for more than just rights and privileges. Their real desire was to become something that represents pride and honor, an American. Being an American means much more than living in the United States. Along with the name come a number o f different benefits such as, freedom of speech to expressRead MoreAfrican American And The American Revolution1277 Words   |  6 Pagesmen are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† The American Revolution is considered one of the greatest and most memorable eras in United States history. Colonist were under the rule of the British which eventually created a problem for them. They came to the realization that being under Great Britain was preventing them from exercising their rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happinessRead MoreRace and Politics in Rebecca Scott’s Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery640 Words   |  3 PagesRebecca Scott’s Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery is a story based on a nineteenth and twentieth century comparative history of two sugar- producing regions. While explaining this, Sc ott mostly focuses on the race and politics. The two places that Scott focuses on is the state of Louisiana in the United States, and the country of Cuba. Scott explains how Louisiana slaves are in a situation where they are trying to fight for freedom against the white Americans in order to gainRead MoreThe Thin Line Between Love And Hate Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageswars with more in the future. For every war requires soldiers to fight for what they believe in. In most cases the soldiers are on a mission to fight the enemy for their country. Fighting is common between individuals because conflict is inevitable. It can try to be avoided, but as a nation, we can never eliminate it.The way to manage conflict and reduce the damage is less hate and more love. The overall goal of the soldiers is to fight for the interest of the country which is not peace but power. The

Media and Foreign Policy Free Essays

POLITICAL SCIENCES| MEDIA AND FOREIGN POLICY| SUBMITTED TO | MR. IJAZ BUTT| SUBMITTED BY| AYESHA SADDIQUE (01)| SADIA ABBAS (29) MISHA ZAIDI (12) INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES PUBJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE | B. S (HONS. We will write a custom essay sample on Media and Foreign Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) 3RD SEMESTER (MORNING) FOREIGN POLICY AND MEDIA DEFINITION OF FOREIGN POLICY Foreign Policy can be defined as â€Å"Relations between sovereign states. It is a reflection of domestic politics and an interaction among sovereign states. It indicates the principles and preferences on which a country wants to establish relations with another country. † WHY IT IS NECESSORY FOR A COUNTERY? No country today can think of a life independent of other nations. Every country has to develop relations with other countries so as to meet its requirements in economical, industrial and technological fields. It is thus necessary for every country to formulate a sound foreign policy. Foreign policy is necessary for a country to * Promote sovereignty national interest Cope up the problems of environment, Terrorism and many others. * Solve the issues of poverty, underemployment, and Unemployment * Strengthen territorial security integrity of country * Get International resources for countries domestic socio- economic context such as trading. DETERMINANTS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY The following are the determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan:- Administrative  Troika Administrative Troika comprises the President of Pakistan, The Prime Minister rand Chief of Army Staff. It plays very important role in formulating foreign policy It can approve or disapprove the foreign policy of Pakistan President Or can make any change in it. However, it is very difficult to deviate from the previous foreign commitments made by Troika. Chief of prime Army staff minister Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs The ministry can play very important role in formulating the foreign policy. It comprises the specialists and experts of foreign policy and the bureaucrats of high level. They prepare foreign policy, keeping in view the basic objectives and principles of the policy. They formulate the policy, plans and programs regarding the priorities of foreign policy, and fully cooperate with Troika for its preparation. In accordance with new constitutional amendment, the Troika has been replaced by the National Security  Council. Intelligence  Agencies Pakistan’s intelligence agencies also play very effective role in the formulation of foreign policy by providing full information about the objectives of other countries foreign policies. Keeping in view these in formations, Pakistan  formulates its foreign policy. Political  Parties  and  Pressure  Groups Related essay: â€Å"Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in Malaysia† The political parties and pressure groups have deep impacts on the formulation of foreign policy. The political parties include the priorities of foreign policy in their manifestoes, and after their success in the election, they force the government to change the priorities of foreign  policy according to the changing scenario in the light of their view points. Likewise the pressure groups can also influence the foreign policy. Parliament The Ministry of Foreign Affairs usually prepares the foreign policy according to the directions of executive and puts it  before the Parliament for approval. After discussion and debate the parliament gives approval to it or suggests some FOREIGN POLICY AND ROLE OF MEDIA: Recent events in world have intensified speculations about the role of traditional mass media as well as communication technologies in shaping political events and cultures across the world†¦ Media do not necessarily influence policymakers directly, but may work through public opinion by shaping what people know and believe about foreign politics. Public opinion, embodied in predominant political views or in election results, can have considerable influence on policymakers that need approval from the electorate. Influence of media on foreign policy Accelerant to positive action * Political decision-making process in the light of a new or ongoing issue * Speeds the parliamentary process and deployment process of an already mandated issue Impediment to positive action * Where coverage of an incident will degrade public will and support for an ongoing operation or diplomatic initiative * Slows the parliamentary process and deployment process of an already mandated issue * As a threat to operational and national security Agenda Setting Agency Raises an unknown issue to a position where it produces political pressure for action According to the researchers: Mody represents a strongly normative perspective, arguing that an informed citizenry is necessary, although not sufficient, for preventing conflict and humanitarian crises. In her argument, media influence foreign policy by putting issues on the public agenda and by framing them in a way that catches the attention – and sympathy  œ of a large audience, which then demands action from their elected representatives. Philip Seib from the University of Southern California discusses â€Å"new† media, in particular satellite television and the Internet. Seib posits that the media are indeed able to change the status quo of foreign policy by shaping international and domestic public opinion. Seib’s main idea is the â€Å"virtual state:† disperse communities achieve an unprecedented cohesion that puts them on the political map internationally. Satellite media and the Internet foster â€Å"virtual sovereignty† by cultivating a shared identity among disperse members of ethnic or religious communities. This is relevant for foreign policy because virtual states can affect the stability of traditional states and regions. Media can also alleviate tensions and conflict by providing new perspectives to an unprecedentedly large audience. Seib recommends that, if policymakers want to take advantage of the media’s power to create communities, cooperation is a better approach than competition, and international media, such as Voice of America and Deutsche Welle, become relevant tools of foreign politics. PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY: Pakistan  is the second largest  Muslim  country in terms of percentage of population (after  Indonesia), and its status as a  declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. Pakistan has a fierce independent foreign policy, especially when it comes to issues such as development of nuclear weapons, construction of nuclear reactors, foreign military purchases and other issues that are vital to its national interests. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan is an important member of the  Organization of Islamic Cooperation  (OIC), a  major non-NATO ally  of the war against terrorism, and has a highly disciplined military, which is the world’s  eighth-largest  standing military force. Basic Goals of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy * Maintenance of territorial integrity. Maintenance of its political independence. * Acceleration of social and economic development. * Strengthening its place on the globe. * Keeping cordial and friendly relations with all countries. ROLE OF MEDIA IN PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY Pakistan has developed a vibrant and free-wheeling media in the last decade . Yet Pakistani journalists continue to face pressure both from the authorities and militant groups when reporting on terrorism and its impact on the count ry and this effect its foreign policy. Senior Journalist, Zahid Husain spoke on ‘Pakistani media and its impact on foreign policy. ’ He was of the view that Pakistani media is much more candid, opaque and vocal regarding foreign policy. One of the major problems of print media, he said, is its division in English and Urdu. English newspapers cover issues related to foreign and security policy while there are hardly any such issues available in Urdu newspapers. This dichotomy is an underlying reason of our conflicts over various issues and inability to reach consensus. What should be the role of Pakistani media * Play role from watch dog to defender * Awake the people in a right way * Provide authentic and sincere information to people * Impartially shape public opinion CONCLUSION: So all of this proves that Pakistan media is just playing the role of watch dog in the formation of Pakistan’s foreign policy. it needs to much more mature. in order to make a perfect policy Pakistan media have to play its real role of awaking the people. Above discussion posit that the media shape foreign policy by shaping public opinion. How to cite Media and Foreign Policy, Essay examples

Social Emotional Wellbeing and Mental Health - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Emotional Wellbeing and Mental Health. Answer: Introduction The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are the ethnic groups of Australia who have great attachment to their land, culture, spirituality and community. However, due to their scarred history troubled by loss of land, forced settlement in other areas and loss of family member, their emotional and social well-being has been seriously affected. Poverty, unemployment, health issues and racial discrimination has become common challenges in their life after leaving their ancestral homes and settling in new areas (Mitrou et al., 2014). Although the term social and emotional well-being is a multidimensional concept that often includes mental health, however the aboriginals prefer the term social and emotional well-being instead of mental health because of its more holistic connotation. The purpose of this report is to further explore the aboriginal perception of social and emotional well-being and mental health and find out why they give more preference to social and emotional well- being. It also gives an insight into the changes found in the Aboriginal Medical Services and its alignment with WHOs primary health care principles. In accordance with the aboriginals preference for social and emotional well-being, the services and performance of one Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service has been discussed too. Difference between aboriginal concept of social and emotional well-being and mental health As defined by WHO, mental health is a condition of social and emotional well-being where people have the capacity to cope with normal life stressors. Hence, mental health is associated with symptoms that arise due to complex interaction of biological, social, economic, environmental and psychosocial factor of an individual (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, 2017). It implies that social and emotional well-being is necessary to promote mental health in people. However, according to the aboriginal concept, they regard social and emotional well-being as a crucial factor to reduce stress and promote mental health. The aboriginals are closely attached to their land and culture. For them, social and well-being can be promoted by focusing on solving socioeconomic concerns in their life instead of focusing on mental health issues (Le Grande et al., 2017). This is particularly important because several social challenges in their life increase psychological distress for them. Some of the so cial issues that contribute to high stress for them include unresolved trauma, loss and grief, experiences of racism and discrimination, socioeconomic disadvantage and social exclusion (Markwick et al., 2014). Hence, implementing strategies to reduce social issues will play a role in better social and mental health outcome in the group. Great difference has been found in the perception of social and emotional well-being in Aboriginal people and the mental health concepts in the group. The non-indigenous group concept of mental health comes from illness perspective, where the focus is on addressing symptoms of mental illness and improving peoples level of functioning in the environment (UN Chronicle, 2017). This implies an individualistic concept where the focus is on improving the health of the individual alone. However, by reviewing the National Aboriginal Health Strategy, it can be said they have a broader concept of health where much emphasis is given on closeness to land and their culture to promote social and emotional well-being. Hence, according to WHO concept, social well being is a part of mental health, however according to indigenous context, mental health comes under the umbrella of social and emotional well-being. From this perception of indigenous people, it can be said that they have a holistic view o f health and well-being (Calma, Dudgeon, Bray, 2017). From the aboriginal perceptive, focusing on social and emotional well-being is considered effective because they have suffered a lost because of the negative colonial history and ongoing disadvantages such discrimination, grief, unemployment, adversity and health disparities. Hence, addressing social disadvantage in their life will help them to achieve the goal of social and emotional well being. Reducing the poor mental health outcome in indigenous people is a national priority and considering the aboriginal concept of social and emotional well being and mental health, many promising initiatives has been implemented to restore their well-being. The indigenous population is dispersed and social disadvantage acts as major barrier in access to health. High level of unmet need is the reason for high stress and poor quality of life in the group. Health care workers and social agencies are acknowledging the impact of social and cultural determinants on well-being of the group and taking the best world approach to eliminate disadvantage as well as improve mental health outcomes in the group (Calma, Dudgeon, Bray, 2017). Therefore, modifying the social factors that contributes to mental stress will be beneficial in achieving positive health outcome in indigenous people. Evolution of aboriginal medical service and alignment with primary care outlined by WHO: In 1971, first Aboriginal Medical Service was developed and it was the first Aboriginal community controlled health service (ACCHS) specifically for the Aboriginal community. The AMS was developed on a voluntary basis in Redfern, Sydney. Since them many health policies were implemented to help states and other agencies work together for optimal health of aboriginals. In 1973, after the instruction of Commonwealth Government, many states took the responsibility for managing indigenous affairs and implementing appropriate policies for them. An Aboriginal Health Branch was also established which first proposed a Ten Year Plan for Aboriginal Health (NACCHO, 2017).As experience of racial discrimination was found to be a major barrier in delivering quality care to aboriginals, the enactment of the Racial Discrimination Act in 1975 also supported AMS to make health care service available to the group. The utility of the Aboriginal Medical Service Redfern for indigenous people is that it has worked to provide accessible and primary health care to the group for more than 40 years. The primary service provided by AMS followed the WHO principles of primary health care. After the adoption of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, primary health care became the core policy for WHO. The focus was on strengthening the values of the primary health care service because it is first level of care in both middle and low countries (Marles, Frame Royce, 2012). The core principles of primary health care outlined by WHO included universal access to care, coverage on the basis of need, community participation in health agendas, commitment to health equity and social justice and inter-sectoral approaches to health (WHO, 2017).When the AMS Refern was established, the aboriginals relied on emergency department or local general practitioner for health care service. There was no Medicare at the time and the AMS acted as a source to eliminate barrier related to visiting health care service or purchasing medicines (Marles, Frame Royce, 2012). In this way, it served to fulfill the WHO principle of universal access to care. Within one year of the establishment of AMS Redfern, it became very popular and was much in demand. However, this resulted in funding challenges and federal governments arranged for funding to fulfill the demands of the target group. Currently, AMS for aboriginals have evolved and it is now a multidisciplinary health service with wide range of clinic and outreach service. In accordance with the aboriginal preference for addressing social and emotional issues in their life, community controlled model of health was adopted by all AMS and ACCHS in urban and rural Australia (Marles, Frame Royce, 2012). Its action of following the principle of holistic health care are in alignment with the WHO principle of primary health care. This can be said because holistic health care seeks to balance mind, body and spirit for well being of an individual. By such integrative approach, it can promote social justice and health equity in indigenous people. Secondly, holistic approach refers to social, e motional, and cultural well-being of the community by supporting people to achieve their full potential in the community (Hinton et al., 2015). Hence, use of holistic care approach by the AMS was beneficial in addressing all social issues in Aboriginals such as eliminating racial discrimination, poor access to health service and maintaining cultural continuity. To fulfill the health care needs of aboriginal and promote social and emotional well-being of the community, it is essential that health care staffs are prepared to understand the culture and adversities in their life. AMS recognized this important priority to educate health care professionals so that culturally sensitive care could be provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Marles, Frame Royce, 2012). The advantage of providing culture awareness training was that increased access to health care, enhanced effectiveness of care and improved health care disparities too. Focus on cultural competency ensured that all primary care service had proper set of values, behaviors and attitudes to work cross-culturally with indigenous patients. Cultural competency contributed to flexibility in service and better participation of aboriginals in health care decisions (Clifford et al., 2015). This action of AMS also displays work in accordance with the WHO primary care principle of health equity. The strategy of cultural respect was a positive step towards health equity because cultural competence helped health care staffs to develop respect for the group and ensure equity in access to care. Achievement of cultural respect was a core strategy and this was done by AMS by action on advocacy, social determinant of health and increasing outreach and home visit (Freeman et al., 2014). Application of social and emotional well-being in an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS): The ACCHS are services committed to addressing the primary health care needs of aboriginals. There are more than 150 ACCHS in Australia and their main goal is to establish primary health care facilities for local aboriginal people. Danila Dilba Health Service is one of the examples of an ACCHS organization located in the Greater Darwin, Australia. The Danila Dilba Health Service is mainly committed to provide culturally appropriate primary health and community service to people living in Greater Darwin (Danila Dilba Health Service, 2017). Social and emotional well-being can be promoted in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people by the focus on implementing socially and culturally responsive care and eliminating all social and emotional well-being concerns in their life (Couzos Thiele, 2016). The Danila Dilba Health Service has applied social and emotional well-being approach for indigenous group by reducing the sufferings of aboriginal with mental illness. This ACCHS implemente d a Dare to Dream programme which provided support and counseling to indigenous people with mental illness. The effectiveness of the programme was that it made people aware about early signs of behavioral and mental health issues. This empowered the community to take proactive step and prevent risk of mental issues in the group (Weightman, 2013). The focus on providing culturally appropriate care also ensured that young aboriginals received care and education in an appropriate manner. The core aim of any ACCHS is to deliver culturally competent care and meet the special needs of the indigenous people. The Danial Dilba ACCHS focused on promoting the specific need of identify risk behavior and mental health issues at an early phase. It provided exclusive support to counsel people with mental illness or risk of illness. All necessary guidance was provided regarding the seek treatment and counseling support from relevant mental health services and promoting coping skills in the group. By the focus on culturally appropriate care, it has fulfilled special needs and preference of aboriginals while providing care. All ACCHS also have the responsibility in the area of advocacy which provides voice to the aboriginal community so that they can express their concerns. The Danila Dilba Health service also focused on advocacy by providing services that are responsive to the local needs of the group. They have maintained fairness and accountability in their work culture (Danila Dilba Health Service, 2017). Conclusion The report gave a critical insight into the aboriginal perspective on social and emotional well being in comparison to mental health. The Aboriginal preference for social and emotional well being has been found due to prevalent of many social issues in their life such. Racial discrimination has also become a pathway that has resulted in distress, unemployment and ill health in the group. It points to the need for evolution and development of health care service specifically for the aboriginals. Important policy changes and development in aboriginal health care has been found by the discussion on evolution of the AMS and its alignment with principles of primary care. The crucial role of the ACCHS in advocating for the aboriginal community has also been understood by the action of Danila Dilba Health Service. Long term effort and policy changes in the future are also needed to fulfill the goal of social and emotional well being in the group. Reference Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. (2017). Social and emotional wellbeing (including mental health) Selected health conditions Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2016 Health facts ,Healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/overviews/selected-health-conditions/mental-health#fnl-1 Australia's First People - Their Social and Emotional Well-being | UN Chronicle. (2017).Unchronicle.un.org. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://unchronicle.un.org/article/australias-first-people-their-social-and-emotional-well-being Calma, T., Dudgeon, P., Bray, A. (2017). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social and Emotional Wellbeing and Mental Health.Australian Psychologist,52(4), 255-260, available: DOI:10.1111/ap.12299 Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98, available: https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzv010 Couzos, S., Thiele, D. D. (2016). Aboriginal peoples participation in their health care: A patient right and an obligation for health care providers.Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal,40, 6-7. Danila Dilba Health Service. (2017).Daniladilbaexperience.org.au. Retrieved 5 December 2017, from https://www.daniladilbaexperience.org.au/about-us.html Danila Dilba Health Service. (2017).Daniladilbaexperience.org.au. Retrieved 5 December 2017, from https://www.daniladilbaexperience.org.au/ Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S., Francis, T. (2014). Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), 355-361, available: DOI:10.1111/1753-6405.12231 Hinton, R., Kavanagh, D. J., Barclay, L., Chenhall, R., Nagel, T. (2015). Developing a best practice pathway to support improvements in Indigenous Australians mental health and well-being: a qualitative study.BMJ open,5(8), e007938, available: doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007938 Le Grande, M., Ski, C. F., Thompson, D. R., Scuffham, P., Kularatna, S., Jackson, A. C., Brown, A. (2017). Social and emotional wellbeing assessment instruments for use with Indigenous Australians: A critical review.Social Science Medicine,187, 164-173, available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.046 Markwick, A., McNeil, J., Parsons, L., Sullivan, M., Ansari, Z. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.International journal for equity in health,13(1), 91, available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-014-0091-5 Marles, E., Frame, C., Royce, M. (2012). The Aboriginal Medical Service Redfern: Improving access to primary care for over 40 years.Australian family physician,41(6), 433, available: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2012/june/the-aboriginal-medical-service-redfern/ Mitrou, F., Cooke, M., Lawrence, D., Povah, D., Mobilia, E., Guimond, E., Zubrick, S. R. (2014). Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006.BMC Public Health,14(1), 201, available: doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-201 NACCHO. (2017).History. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.naccho.org.au/about/aboriginal-health/history/ Weightman, M. (2013). The role of Aboriginal community controlled health services in indigenous health.Aust Med Student J,4, 49-52. WHO | Chapter 7: Health Systems: principled integrated care. (2017).Who.int. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.who.int/whr/2003/chapter7/en/index1.html